Extraction of protein from food waste: An overview of current status and opportunities

The chief intent of this review is to explain the different extraction techniques and efficiencies for the recovery of protein from food waste (FW) sources. Although FW is not a new concept, increasing concerns about chronic hunger, nutritional deficiency, food security, and sustainability have intensified attention on alternative and sustainable sources of protein for food and feed. Initiatives to extract and utilize protein from FW on a commercial scale have been undertaken, mainly in the developed countries, but they remain largely underutilized and generally suited for low-quality products. The current analysis reveals the extraction of protein from FW is a many-sided (complex) issue, and that identifies for a stronger and extensive integration of diverse extraction perspectives, focusing on nutritional quality, yield, and functionality of the isolated protein as a valued recycled ingredient.     

Heat transfer trait simulation of H finned tube in ventilation methane oxidation steam generator for hydrogen production

With the steam obtained by the energy released from ventilation air methane oxidation, the hydrogen production through gasification method is considered more commercial. In order to constrain the steam parameter fluctuation, the shunt honeycomb ceramics are adopted to fill between the heat exchange tubes. However, transient heat transfer characteristics of this kind of heat exchanger have not been fully studied. This paper carried out a numerical simulation study on the transient heat transfer characteristics of H finned tube under periodic reverse-flow conditions. Results show that the existence of shunt honeycomb ceramics enhances the effect of radiation. Gas flow direction reversing destructs the original boundary layer, achieving a sudden rise of the convective heat flux in the new upstream. It takes about 12s to form a new relative stable boundary layer. The apparent heat transfer coefficient achieves a maximum of 108.77 W m⁻² K⁻¹ and an average of 99.1 W m⁻² K⁻¹.     

Distant Supervised Relation Extraction with Cost-Sensitive Loss

Recently, many researchers have concentrated on distant supervision relation extraction (DSRE). DSRE has solved the problem of the lack of data for supervised learning, however, the data automatically labeled by DSRE has a serious problem, which is class imbalance. The data from the majority class obviously dominates the dataset, in this case, most neural network classifiers will have a strong bias towards the majority class, so they cannot correctly classify the minority class. Studies have shown that the degree of separability between classes greatly determines the performance of imbalanced data. Therefore, in this paper we propose a novel model, which combines class-to-class separability and cost-sensitive learning to adjust the maximum reachable cost of misclassification, thus improving the performance of imbalanced data sets under distant supervision. Experiments have shown that our method is more effective for DSRE than baseline methods.     

一种提高油样中低含量石油磺酸盐分析效率的方法

为了准确分析油田化学驱采出液油样中石油磺酸盐的含量,介绍了一种在油样中加入不同极性溶剂组成的萃取体系的预处理技术,将石油磺酸盐萃取到水相,利用液相色谱仪对其进行检测的方法。取适量油样,依次加入正己烷、二氯甲烷、无水乙醇和蒸馏水,振荡均匀后静置分层,取下层水相溶液进行色谱分析。色谱柱为阴离子交换柱,流动相为甲醇/水和甲醇/盐水(含0.2 mol/L乙酸和0.2 mol/L乙酸铵),梯度洗脱。实验结果表明,该预处理技术联合液相色谱法检测技术分析效率较高,加标回收率高于90%,液相色谱最小定量限10 mg/L,线性范围10～2000 mg/L。该方法可对油样中低含量的石油磺酸盐进行快速定量分析。     

溶剂抽提-选择性加氢脱硫组合技术的开发及工业应用

针对以硫含量和烯烃含量高、芳烃含量低的催化裂化汽油为原料加氢脱硫生产满足车用汽油（Ⅴ）标准的汽油（简称国Ⅴ标准汽油）时辛烷值损失偏大的问题，开发了催化裂化汽油溶剂抽提-选择性加氢脱硫组合技术（简称RCDS技术）。中试结果表明，采用RCDS技术处理具有上述特点的催化裂化汽油生产国Ⅴ标准汽油时的RON损失比单独采用选择性加氢脱硫技术时减少0.9～1.9个单位。工业应用结果表明，采用RCDS技术处理硫质量分数为418～460 μg/g、烯烃体积分数为27.6%～27.9%、芳烃体积分数为19.2%～19.3%的清江石化催化裂化汽油，当产品硫质量分数降低至7 μg/g时，汽油RON损失仅为1.0～1.3个单位，且装置汽油收率高达99.9%。     

超声提取-离子色谱法测定银精矿中水溶性氟

银精矿中水溶性氟会随雨水的冲刷进入生物圈,直接对土壤、水体、大气、人类健康产生危害。实验提出超声提取-离子色谱法测定银精矿中水溶性氟,为银精矿中水溶性氟的检测及后续环境影响评估提供重要的技术支撑。称取0.2g样品(过150目筛),加入30mL水,在40℃时超声提取20min后,使用阴离子交换柱进行分离,使用碳酸钠-碳酸氢钠混合溶液作为淋洗液进行淋洗,洗脱时间为25min,通过电导检测器进行F^-检测。F^-质量浓度在0.5~10mg/L范围内与对应的峰面积呈线性关系,校准曲线线性相关系数为0.9998;方法检出限为0.062mg/L,测定下限为0.21mg/L。按照实验方法测定两个银精矿中水溶性氟,测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为3.8%和4.3%;加标回收率为92%~102%。     

基于GF-1数据的三峡库区水体信息精细化提取

为实现江河类狭长型水体信息的精细化提取，利用GF-1卫星数据，采用支持向量机和目视解译相结合的方法对三峡库区及重庆市水体信息进行了精细化提取。使用总体分类精度、Kappa系数、错分误差、漏分误差、制图精度和用户精度等指标对库区水体信息粗提取结果进行验证分析。结果表明:4个试验区水体提取的总体分类精度均超过90%，除试验区4的Kappa系数为0.884 1以外，其余试验区均超过0.9，提取精度较高。结合目视解译的方法，在粗提取结果的基础上对各问题进行精细化处理，得到精度高、完整性好的三峡库区以及重庆市水体信息数据，可为后续该区域的精细化遥感业务开展提供有效资料。